Description from the American Kennel Club
The Golden Retriever is a sturdy, muscular dog of medium size, famous for the dense, lustrous coat of gold that gives the breed its name. The broad head, with its friendly and intelligent eyes, short ears, and straight muzzle, is a breed hallmark. In motion, Goldens move with a smooth, powerful gait, and the feathery tail is carried, as breed fanciers say, with a “merry action.”
The most complete records of the development of the Golden Retriever are included in the record books that were kept from 1835 until about 1890 by the gamekeepers at the Guisachan (pronounced Gooeesicun) estate of Lord Tweedmouth at Inverness-Shire, Scotland. These records were released to public notice in Country Life in 1952, when Lord Tweedmouth’s great-nephew, the sixth Earl of Ilchester, historian and sportsman, published material that had been left by his ancestor. They provided factual confirmation to the stories that had been handed down through generations.
Goldens are outgoing, trustworthy, and eager-to-please family dogs, and relatively easy to train. They take a joyous and playful approach to life and maintain this puppyish behavior into adulthood. These energetic, powerful gun dogs enjoy outdoor play. For a breed built to retrieve waterfowl for hours on end, swimming and fetching are natural pastimes.
Timeline of the Golden Retriever from the Golden Retriever Club of America
Guisachan House
It all started at Guisachan House, as it appeared circa 1897 – The home of Lord Tweedmouth
Dudley Marjoribanks
The Golden Retriever originated in the Highlands of Scotland in the late 1800s and owes its development to Dudley Marjoribanks, (later known as Lord Tweedmouth).
Purchase of “Nous”
In 1865 he purchased “Nous” from a cobbler near the town of Brighton in southern England. The only yellow puppy in a litter of black Wavy-Coated retrievers was whelped in 1864. This young dog had been given to the cobbler, as payment of a debt, by the gamekeeper of a local landowner, Lord Chichester. Marjoribanks took this young dog with him to Guisachan, his estate in Scotland, to join his kennel of sporting dogs. The image shows Nous with gamekeeper Simon Munro Circa 1872.
Tweed Water Spaniel
This picture has become the accepted resemblance of what is referred to as the Tweed Water Spaniel (a breed now extinct). Water Spaniel painting by John Carlton 1864. Like many of the gentry of this time, Marjoribanks was keenly interested in the breeding of quality livestock as well as dogs. His interest in retrievers stemmed from the personal desire to develop a superb retriever suited to the Scottish climate, terrain and type of available game. In 1868 and 1871, breedings of Nous to Belle, a Tweed Water Spaniel (a breed now extinct), resulted in several yellow pups that became the foundation for a distinctive line of yellow retrievers.
Crocus
This image features Crocus (Nous x Belle) born 1868. Generations of these and subsequent breedings are recorded in the kennel records that were kept at Guisachan which are now in the Kennel Club Library. Nous and Belle’s descendants were combined with wavy and flat-coated retrievers, another Tweed Water Spaniel, and a red setter. Marjoribanks kept primarily the yellow puppies (and a few blacks) to continue his line.
Working Ability
This image shows Gamekeepers and stalkers at Guisachan. Nous is the dog on the left. circa 1872. Some were given to friends and relatives. Although little known outside of private circles, these yellow retrievers were used by gamekeepers and as a gentleman’s gundog. Working ability was always paramount.
Dog Shows
The image shows Col. The Hon. W. le Poer Trench (right) with his brother and his St. Hubert’s kennel – circa 1906. A few Golden Retrievers, as we know the breed today, made their first appearance at dog shows about 1906, shown as “Retriever- Wavy or Flat Coated” in classes for those “of any other color”. The breed was officially recognized by The Kennel Club in 1911 as “Retriever- Yellow or Golden” and finally, “Retriever- Golden” in 1920. Early Golden Retrievers had appeared in Canada and the U.S. some years before their official recognition by either the Canadian (1925) or the American Kennel Club (1932).
Great Hunting Companions
The image shows Sinnhein Goldens visiting Guisachan – their ancestral home. Photo courtesy: John and Jess Clark, Scotland. From the first, the Golden Retriever has been a premier worker. His biddability and calm, sensible demeanor has earned devotees in many areas of endeavor. The physical and mental traits that make the Golden Retriever such a useful hunting companion also fit him for modern activities such as obedience competitor, tracking dog, show dog, guide and assistance dogs, search and rescue, and many other modern activities. The Golden Retriever’s athletic good looks reflect his abilities, and nothing in the dog’s makeup should interfere with, or detract from, the Golden’s working sporting characteristics.